Understanding Monkey pox: Outbreaks, Vaccines and Management

There is no difference between mpox and monkeypox; they refer to the same disease. “Monkeypox” is the traditional term used for the viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus.

In November 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of “mpox” as a more neutral term to avoid stigma associated with the word “monkey” and to improve public perception. Both terms refer to the same disease, and the use of “mpox” is intended to help reduce discrimination and promote better understanding of the illness.

Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, such as rodents or primates, or through consumption of bushmeat. Human-to-human transmission can occur through close contact with the bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or lesions of an infected person. Additionally, contaminated materials like bedding or clothing can also serve as transmission routes.

Signs and Symptoms of Monkeypox

The symptoms of monkeypox are similar to but milder than those of smallpox. They typically include:

Monkeypox Vaccine

The vaccine used to protect against monkeypox is primarily the smallpox vaccine, as there is cross-protection due to the close relationship between the two viruses. The smallpox vaccine, known as ACAM2000, has been used for monkeypox in high-risk populations and outbreak settings. A newer vaccine, JYNNEOS (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex), specifically designed for monkeypox and smallpox, is also available and has been used in recent outbreaks.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for monkeypox, but supportive care can help manage symptoms and improve outcomes. Treatments may include:

Isolation and supportive care in a medical setting may be required for severe cases or for those with compromised immune systems.

Overall important aspect, early identification and supportive care which are critical for managing monkeypox effectively, and vaccination remains a key tool in preventing the spread of the disease.